Diabetic Nerve Pain Foot

MASSACHUSETTS Diabetic Neuropathy - Harvard University
Pathic diabetic foot ulcers. N Engl J Med 2004;351(1):48-55. 5. nant human nerve growth factor in patients with diabetic polyneuropa- pain in diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2003;60(6): 927-34. 29. ... View This Document

Diabetic Nerve PaiN - Home -- American Academy Of Neurology
Diabetes can require amputation of the foot. Here are things you should do to take care of your feet if you have diabetes: • Clean your feet daily using warm (not hot) water and mild diabetic nerve pain and raise your quality of life. ... View This Document

Causes Of Numb Toes When Walking - Walking For Fitness ...
Foot pain; shoe lacing; shoe fitting; walking with diabetes; Answer: Toes go numb from reduced blood circulation or from nerve damage. Diabetic Foot Problems. Diabetic Neuropathy; Diabetes: Taking Care of Your Feet; Related Articles. ... Read Article

Scientific Basis For Nerve Compression In Diabetic Neuropathy
The most valid prognostic sign for a good result from decompression of a nerve in the diabetic with symptoms of . branches at the ankle and foot level can relieve pain and restore sensibility in about 80% of the patients. ... Return Document

Neuropathy Of The Feet - YouTube
Diabetic nerve pain is not leg artery disease 2:44 Foot Pain Relief Exercises by Mikhail Levitin 21,632 views; 5:42 What is neuropathy? by neuroeffex 97,070 views; 1:01 Neuropathy- Numbness, Tingling, Burning In Feet And/or Hands by DrRuss Schroder 9,741 views; ... View Video

Diabetic Neuropathy: After Your Visit
Diabetic Neuropathy: After damage nerves. This is called diabetic neuropathy. Nerve damage can cause pain, burning, tingling, and numbness and may leave you feeling weak. The very important that you follow your doctor's advice on foot care. Sometimes diabetes damages nerves that help ... Fetch Content

Causes nerve damage is not fully understood. However, high blood glucose (sugar) or pain. It can lead to pain and numbness or tingling in the hands, legs or feet. If you lose sensation in your feet you foot has healed into a poor shape then you may need ... Access Document

Black Doctor Develops Proprietary Treatment For Diabetic Neuropathy
-- Dr. Bill Releford develops new groundbreaking treatment for diabetic neuropathy without the use of pills and their side effects. -- Dr. Bill Releford uses Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy to treat diabetic neuropathy, foot injuries and chronic non-healing wounds. ... Read News

Diabetic Nerve Pain: Starting The Dialogue
With diabetic nerve pain—or painful DPN—can help you have more productive conversations with your HCP about your symptoms. prepare yourself for a foot examination • Get diagnosed—Ask your HCP to spend a few minutes conducting ... Visit Document

Neuropathic Pain Associated With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.
Assessing Diabetic Nerve Pain. Predisposes to diabetic foot disease. Elctrophysiology may not detect nerve damage. Large Fibers. Sensory & motor fibers. Loss of vibration. Feet usually affected first. Deep seated gnawing and aching pain. Muscle wasting. ... View This Document

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Painful Or Painless
Nerve entrapments, lumbar radiculopathy, chronic in- the diabetic foot, 7th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2008:51.) Figure . ness of tramadol in treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2000;18:601–13. 17. ... Access Doc

Reflexology For Daibetic Neuropathy 2 - Wright Touch Massage ...
Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by diabetes. There are three types of diabetic neuropathy; peripheral, autonomic, and focal. Peripheral nerves sense pain, touch, hot and cold. They affect movement and muscle strength. The nerves in the feet and legs are affected most often and can lead to serious foot ... Get Document

Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage Of Diabetes
Foot. Can diabetic neuropathies be prevented? The best way to prevent neuropathy is to keep blood glucose levels as close to the normal range as possible. Maintaining safe Medications used to help relieve diabetic nerve pain include ... Get Content Here

Treatments Of Neuropathy: Warnings
Ultima Neuro Neuropathy & Diabetic Nerve Pain Treatment Device Author: Dr. Labrum's Electrotherapy neuropathy treatments; neuropathy tens; nerve pain feet; nerve pain hands; nerve pain foot; nerve pain hand; nerve pain sock; ne\ rve pain socks; nerve pain glove; nerve pain gloves; nerve ... Fetch This Document

Information On Neuropathy - Nova Family Podiatry
Neurologist and/or Pain Management Specialist can be performed to help support the diagnosis diabetes, nerve damage from trauma, chemotherapy, side effects of a medication, etc. • Regular visits to the Podiatrist for foot evaluation and care ... Get Document

Prevention Of Foot Ulceration And Amputation By Decompression ...
Hand.15 Relief of paresthesias and pain in the foot, and often correction of Mackinnon, S.E., Seiler, WA, Susceptibility of the diabetic nerve to chronic compression. Ann Plast Surg 20:117-119, 1988. 6. Mackinnon SE, Dellon AL diabetic foot ulceration in a general diabetic outpatient ... Fetch This Document

Complications Of diabetes Mellitus - Wikipedia, The Free ...
Peripheral vascular disease, which contributes to intermittent claudication (exertion-related leg and foot pain) as well as diabetic foot. Stroke (mainly the ischemic type) Diabetic foot, often due to a combination of sensory neuropathy ... Read Article

NEUROPATHY: PAIN DAMAGE AND THE DIABETIC FOOT
Review Review Neuropathy, or the impairment of nerve structures and function, is a common complication in diabetes and affects up to one-third of patients. ... Fetch Content

Dr. Bill Releford Develops Proprietary Treatment For Diabetic Neuropathy
BEVERLY HILLS, Calif., Jan. 8, 2013 /PRNewswire-iReach/ -- Though there's no cure for diabetic neuropathy, patients can now find relief from its symptoms through a groundbreaking treatment developed by ... Read News

Lower Extremity Neuropathies And Nerve Entrapment Syndromes
PAINFUL DIABETIC FOOT NEUROPATHY MAY ACTUALLY BE CAUSED BY TARSAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. All the therapies mentioned work for all kinds of nerve pain and/or chronic pain. 5. The Case of the Obese Diabetic. His diagnosis? c. Meralgia paresthetica. ... Get Doc

DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Manifestations of diabetic neuropathy are pain tally are the main cause of foot ulcers, idiopathic bul-lae (bullosis diabeticorum), because they lead to pain and motor deficits. Inflammatory nerve lesions and vasculitis have been ... Retrieve Content

Diabetic 12 Years, Foot Pain Due To Neuropathy - YouTube
3:54 NERVE INJURIES,INJURY - Everything You Need To Know 1:10 Sure Diabetic Neuropathy Foot PAIN Relief --Set It and Forget It by hbnwelltech101 7,528 views; 10:00 Cannabis & Neuropathic Pain, Dr. Abrams, pt 1 by cannabistherapeutics 9,951 views; ... View Video

Diabetic Foot Care Facts - Health Care Medical Technology, Inc.
Diabetic Foot Care Facts called Diabetic Neuropathy, can cause lack of feeling (pain, heat, cold) in the feet. This is dangerous because a diabetic may not feel a small cut or blister. can quickly worsen when accompanied by a diabetic’s poor blood flow and nerve damage. ... Content Retrieval

Diabetic Neuropathy - DiabetesPro - Home - American Diabetes ...
(diabetic amyotrophy) Thigh pain followed by muscle weakness and atrophy Thoracic polyradiculopathy Severe pain on one The combination of poor blood flow to the extremities and loss of sensation in the foot due to nerve damage contribute to the development of ulcers and infections that ... View Full Source

Mayo Clinic Diabetic Nerve Pain

Type 2 Diabetes Foot Care - Diabetes And Healthy Feet
Neuropathy is nerve damage. If you have a cut or sore on your foot, you may not be able to feel it. Diabetic Neuropathy; MRSA and Diabetic Foot Ulcers; Diabetes Check-ups; Suggested Reading. Hidden Dangers of Diabetes; Top Ten Foot Care Tips; ... Read Article

IgM Paraproteinemie Polyneuropathie.m4v - YouTube
From the centre for the treatment of neuropathy and neuropathic pain, Soest, NL: 6:55 Disease Associations With MGUS--Mayo Clinic study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings by mayoclinic 4,922 views; 3:22 What is a Nerve Conduction Study & EMG? by NeuroscienceGroup 8,261 views; ... View Video

Neuromuscular Rehabilitation And Electrodiagnosis. 2 ...
Nerve fibers involved.1 DN will affect both motor and sensory Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (Strommen); Division of Child Devel- codone for pain in diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2003;60:927-34. *12. ... Fetch Doc

Recent Advances In clinical Practice Diabetic Gastroparesis ...
Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Correspondence to patients with diabetic gastroparesis.34 Vagus nerve dysfunction (figure 1B) is also thought to mediate pain such as tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepres- ... View Document

Trigger Finger - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Associated with dysfunction and pain. A disparity in size between the flexor tendon and the surrounding retinacular pulley system, most commonly at There is a theoretical greater risk of nerve damage associated with the percutaneous needle release as the technique is performed ... Read Article

NITRIC OXIDE AND ITS ROLE IN HEALTH AND DIABETES
Ability to sense pain, temperature, and pressure. Diabetic patients have deficits in circulation, stimuli necessary for nerve firing and perception of pain. Additionally, Mayo Clinic, Yale University, University of Alabama, ... Read More

JOHN J. KELLY, JR., M.D. TEMPERATURE IN NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES
Training at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, where he received ool temperatures slow nerve conduction and interfere with the size of responses. Not only that, Can the EMG show if pain is due to Diabetic Neuropathy? A: No. The EMG and Nerve ... Retrieve Document

TOPICAL USE OF NITRATES, CAPSAICIN, AND TRICYCLIC ...
Therpetic neuralgia,6-8 painful diabetic neuropathy,9-11 chronic distal painful polyneuropathy,12 surgical neuropathy pain,13 parallel loss of epidermal nerve fibers and pain sensation. Pain. 1999;81(1-2):135-145. 6. Watson CPN, Evans RJ, Watt VR. ... Access Doc

Small Fiber Neuropathy: A Burning Problem
Cleveland Clinic Cutaneous Nerve Laboratory, Neuromuscular Disease Center, earliest stage of diabetic neuropathy. Several neuropathic pain for the primary care physician. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79:1533–1545. 33. ... Retrieve Content

Regional Anesthesia And The Patient With Pre Preexisting ...
Went neuraxial analgesia or anesthesia at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN.14 Two patients (0.4%) Arteriole in diabetic nerve. Hadzic A. Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Man-agement. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2007. ... Fetch Content

Sciatica - Causes Of Sciatica - Exercises For Sciatica
This compression irritates the nerve and causes swelling and pain along the sciatic nerve. Herniated discs are the most common cause of sciatica. Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Lumbar spinal stenosis refers to a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back region. ... Read Article

030327 Painful Sensory Neuropathy - Syneurgy MT - PEMF ...
Downloaded from www.nejm.org at MAYO CLINIC LIBRARY on March 22, 2010 . n engl j med 348;13 www.nejm.org march 27, ripheral-nerve pain related to HIV, for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neu-ropathy. Neurology 1998;50:1842-6. 40. ... View This Document

Oxidative Stress In The Pathogenesis Of Diabetic Neuropathy
Neurology (P.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 tozotocin rats (159) and in diabetic patients (160, 161). B. Nerve growth factor (NGF) The justification for, and outcomes of Calcutt NA 2002 Potential mechanisms of neuropathic pain in diabetes. Int Rev Neurobiol 50:205–228 9 ... Fetch Doc

DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
It was recently found to be effective in treatment of pain in diabetic neuropathy in a usually in the territory of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar nerve roots. The pain typically is Pascoe MK, Low PA, Windebank AJ and Litchy WJ (1997). Subacute diabetic proximal neuropathy. Mayo ... Fetch Content

NCCTG Working With Mayo Clinic To Bring The Latest Nsights
Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Research Operations office will soon broaden their effort to A pill used for nerve pain offers women relief Food and Drug Administration to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy and for shingles. ... View This Document

What Good Is EMG To The Patient And Practitioner?
Neurology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, of pain in the region being tested; a few simple ques- diabetic ca-chexia, or malnutrition associated with anorexia. Fixed Sensory Loss ... Retrieve Doc

Actively Recruiting Clinical Trials In Peripheral Neuropathy
41 patients at Mayo Clinic in Rochester moderate to severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy with at least one absent nerve potential Contact Ely Benaim, M.D, 510-970-6009. • ARC-4558 for management of pain in diabetic neuropathy: Phase II, multicenter, randomized, double blind ... Doc Viewer

Chapt.15 Neuropathy In Diabetes - National Diabetes ...
Time was from clinic- and hospital-based studies, with Occasionally a single nerve or nerve trunk is damaged, leading to pain and motor dysfunc-tion that is usually reversible. diabetic patients in Rochester with respect to these ... Access Doc

Neurologic Complications After Chlorhexidine Antisepsis For ...
Thesia at Mayo Clinic Rochester from 2006 to 2010 were identified. The diabetic peripheral neuropathy, or idiopathic or hereditary pe- pathic pain, neuropathy, nerve palsy, and nerve injury. Identifi- ... Get Document

Neuropathy News
Investigations of Diabetic Neuropathy; Investi-gator: Arthur P. Hays, M.D ., Mayo Clinic . The Schwann cells in periph-eral nerves elaborate myelin I was sent to the Pain Clinic where I was placed on Nuragesic, a Fentanyl Transdermal System ... Document Viewer

My Gastroparesis Journey: Made By Kirby - YouTube
I have eaten a little food the last two days cause I knew I needed something in me but now the pain and nausea is just building by the minute. 2:45 Diabetic Gastroparesis-Mayo Clinic by mayoclinic 4,883 views; 2:11 Ear Wax Removal(Removing Fungal Debris) ... View Video

Failed Back Syndrome - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Laceration of a nerve root, or damage from cautery or traction can lead to chronic pain, 1 because of methadone related arrhythmia and 1 because of insufficient analgesia. Pain relief was rated good by 75% and moderate by 25% of the patients. ... Read Article

Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease - Wikipedia, The Free ...
When pain is present as a symptom of CMT, it is comparable to that seen in other peripheral neuropathies, as well as Postherpetic neuralgia and Complex regional pain syndrome, among other diseases. Nerve signals are conducted by an axon with a myelin sheath wrapped around it. ... Read Article

147th ENMC International Workshop: Guideline On Processing ...
Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, United States and, rarely, chronic pain. Therefore, the indication for a et al. Diagnostic value of sural nerve matrix metalloproteinase-9 in diabetic patients with CIDP. Neurology 2003;61:1607–10. [7] Sommer C, ... Doc Retrieval

Michele Sasmor, MD - Plastic Surgeon - Describes Her ...
Dr. Sasmor discusses diabetic neuropathy in this informative video. 5:03 Watch Later Error Postsurgical Inflammatory Neuropathy-Mayo Clinic by mayoclinic 525 views; 8:44 Watch Later Error Maloney Nerve Institute-Reduction of Neuropathic Pain by geofortheo 1,170 views; ... View Video

Foot Pain - Arthritis - Causes - Symptoms - Diagnosis ...
Information on foot pain, arthritis, conditions, causes, diagnosis, symptoms, pain relief, prevention, surgery and other treatment options. it occurs when there is damage to the sciatic nerve, located in the back of the leg. ... Read Article

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For Neuropathy
Sensations, stabbing, or shooting pain in their feet or legs—and it’s usually worse at night. While Mayo Clinic, Rochester, increased in untreated diabetic nerve but not significantly different from controls after hyperbaric ... Read Document

Diabetic Hand Nerve Pain

Foot Massage And Reflexology Benefits - Benefits Of Foot Massage
Trying to heal diabetic foot ulcers is often difficult and takes a lot of time. Foot and hand massage as an intervention for postoperative pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2004 Jun;5(2); Nerve Problems that Cause Foot Pain; Common Toe Problems; Morton's Neuroma; ... Read Article

Prevention Of Foot Ulceration And Amputation By Decompression ...
Hand.15 Relief of paresthesias and pain in the foot, and often correction of the intrinsic Mackinnon, S.E., Seiler, WA, Susceptibility of the diabetic nerve to chronic compression. Ann Plast Surg 20:117-119, 1988. 6. Mackinnon SE, Dellon AL, Hudson AR, Hunter D: Chronic nerve compression – an ... Return Doc

Diabetic Neuropathies New Treatment Modalities
Nerve Distribution of Sensory loss Tight Glycemic control, Pregabalin, Duloxetine, Hand Muscle Wasting. 27 Claw Toe Deformity. Simple Bedside Tests of Large Fiber Function 0 5 10 15 20 25 30  Pain treated as with diabetic peripheral neuropathy ... Visit Document

Upper Extremity What Causes This Type Of Pain?
Many patients have pain in all three nerve distributions referred to as neuropathy. The success rate of nerve decompression surgery for diabetic and “pre-diabetic” patients is in the eighty-percent range. placed on the hand and elbow and the patient is transferred to the recovery room. ... Retrieve Doc

Scientific Basis For Nerve Compression In Diabetic Neuropathy
Scientific Basis for Nerve Compression in Diabetic Neuropathy past the point at which surgical intervention to restore sensation and relieve pain is still possible. This earlier presentation of the patient with hand problems than with feet problems may be related to the general pessimism ... Document Viewer

Various areas of the hand an IENFD of 10.3±8.3/mm (mean±SD) sural nerve biopsies in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Sorensen L, Molyneaux L, Yue DK (2006) The relationship among pain, sensory loss, and small nerve fibers in diabetes. Diabetes Care 29:883-887 Sundkvist G, Dahlin LB, ... Read Here

DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
It was recently found to be effective in treatment of pain in diabetic neuropathy in a double-blind, placebo (1994). Outcome of carpal tunnel release in diabetic patients. J Hand Surg (Br Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: nerve conduction studies before, during and after ... Fetch Content

Dry Up Embarrassing Sweat
Many people sweat so bad, they get embarrassed to go in public. For extreme cases, there is help available! ... Read News

Focal Entrapment Neuropathies In Diabetes
Associated with pain, and their course is self-limiting, resolving over a period of 6 the radial nerve does not innervate muscles in the hand. Focal entrapment neuropathies in diabetes 1784 DIABETES CARE, VOLUME 27, NUMBER 7, tibial nerve in 20 diabetic patients who ... Fetch Content

My Foot # 1 --ouch! - YouTube
Leg pain diabetic foot pain side foot pain diabetes foot pain side of foot pain pain in arch of foot pain in the ball of the foot foot ankle pain pain in top of foot foot nerve pain top foot pain causes pain in ball of foot ankle and foot pain hand and foot pain ... View Video

Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage Of Diabetes
Ness and tingling of the hand and sometimes muscle weakness or pain. Other nerves susceptible to entrapment may cause pain on the outside of the shin or the inside of the foot. Medications used to help relieve diabetic nerve pain include ... Fetch Content

Treatment Of Small Fiber Neuropathy pain - YouTube
3:07 Hand & Foot Pain : How to Treat Arm Pain From a Pinched Nerve by ehowhealth Featured 3,496 views; 6:19 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment San Diego Chiropractor by drherfindahl 3,283 views; 0:37 Myelinated Dermal Nerve Fibers by Therapath 1,118 views; ... View Video

THERAPIES FOR TREATING DIABETIC NERVE PAIN
DIABETIC NERVE PAIN What is diabetic nerve pain? Diabetic nerve pain is a condition that can develop in people who have diabetes. On the other hand, other nondrug therapies have not been shown to help diabetic nerve pain. There is moderate ... Fetch Content

Neuropathic Pain
Nerve or to several nerves in the body. diabetic neuropathy. This can occur when a person has high blood sugar levels for many years. CRPS refers to pain that occurs in the hand, foot, or face, but can occur in any area of the body. ... View Document

NEUROPATHY: PAIN DAMAGE AND THE DIABETIC FOOT
AND THE DIABETIC FOOT The sensation of pain is caused by physical trauma, such as cuts, tears or burns, mounted on a hand-held pen structure. The fibre 8The crossover of nerve function — pain may be interpreted as an incorrect modality, ... Get Doc

Capsaicin Cream - What You Need To Know - Alternative ...
Pain due to diabetic neuropathy; Phantom pain after amputation; Post-herpetic neuralgia; Post-surgical neuropathic pain; or a placebo in 200 patients with chronic nerve pain. After 4 weeks, all three treatments significantly reduced pain. ... Read Article

Do You Have - Arthritis And Pain Clinic Consultant Rheumatologist
Hand & Wrist Pain (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) discomfort or pain, which may include certain nerve conditions. Some common types of nerve conditions (neuropathies) are: l Low Back or Leg Pain l Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy l with Discomfort in Feet or HandsCarpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Read Full Source

Diabetes / Nerve HealtH Hope For Neuropathy
While we are going to focus more on diabetic nerve damage is the pain and inflammation that goes along with it. But not all boswellia extracts hand, look for a boswellia extract that includes at least 10% or more of acetyl-11-keto-beta- ... Retrieve Full Source

Musculoskeletal Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus
Arthropathy, also known as diabetic stiff hand syndrome or limited joint mobility nerve on the volar aspect of the wrist) Patients may complain of pain from shoulder to hand in the affected limb. ... Retrieve Full Source

DIABETIC SENSORY-MOTOR PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY DISABILITY ...
DIABETIC SENSORY-MOTOR PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY CONSTANT PAIN (may be excruciating at times) 2A. MEDIAN NERVE (NOTE: Complete paralysis (hand inclined to the ulnar side, index and middle fingers extended, atrophy of thenar eminence, ... Access Content

Potential Effects Of Diabetes Mellitus On The Upper Exttremity
For some severe pain can occur either both diabetic neuropathy and nerve entrapment. Intervention •When ever possible stretch connective tissue Diabetic Hand Syndrome •Worse in individual with diabetic neuropathy and with poor BS control ... Fetch Here

Treatments Of Neuropathy: Warnings
Peripheral Neuropathy; Diabetic Nerve Pain; Electrotherapy Treatment; Foot Pain Treatment; Hand Pain Treatment; TENS for neuropathy; rebuilder \ diabetic feet pain; diabetic hand pain\ ; diabetic hand pains; TENS for diabetic nerve pain ... Doc Viewer

Pain - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
This is usually the result of acquired damage to the nerves, such as spinal cord injury, diabetes mellitus (diabetic neuropathy), or leprosy in countries where this is prevalent. which codes for a sodium channel (Na v 1.7) necessary in conducting pain nerve stimuli. ... Read Article

Advances In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Painful Diabetic ...
Transplantation improved sudomotor function in the hand and foot Table 1: the pathogenesis of pain in diabetic neuropathy may lead to new, et al., Sural nerve pathology in diabetic patients with minimal but progressive neuropathy, Diabetologia, 2005;48:578–85. 11. Smith AG, Howard JR, Kroll R ... Get Document

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Guide To Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
The median nerve controls sensations to the palm side of the thumb and fingers (although not the little finger), The result may be pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist, radiating up the arm. ... Read Article